Chapter 1: Introduction

1.1. Introduction :

The present era is based on the information and called as a information society. Information is power. Who has the information has all control and capabilities. It has been increasingly felt, in library circles, that the better the services to users, the greater would be the organizational satisfaction. This is simply because, a library being a service institution is meant for user irrespective of the magnitude and desire. It is, therefore, necessary that the information generated at any point and on any subject be acquired, processed, organized, and be disseminated expeditiously to its appropriate users for their optimum use.

Melvil Dewey (1851), an American librarian and educator at first used the term “library Science” in 1887. Through various ups and downs, library education is in a good position today. Library provides the incentive to the development of educational, social and cultural activities.

In past library was considered as a place of keeping books and writings. But today the library is much more than a building stocked for the students to accumulate knowledge and wisdom. Through its doors, everybody can step into a world of adventure. So it can be said a “Treasure house with an open door.”

The present day library system follows an entirely different pattern from that of the past both its organization and its activities are inspired by, and directed at one basic objective. It is collecting and preserving knowledge for an adequate public. The functions and working of today’s libraries go beyond that passive act of collection building and development and include other functions and activities, namely, research, information, education, and recreation. Besides their archival functions, libraries should concentrate especially on performing their three most important functions: research, information and education.

This concept of notion of internship program makes it necessary for librarians and information managers to analyze the needs of their users and the role of the libraries in meeting these needs. Libraries or information delivery system should attempt to meet the information needs.

 

1.2. Internship Background:  

We, the students of 4th year (8th semester) , dept of Information Science & Library Management have a course named  ‘Internship in Libraries & Institutions’ and in order to complete the course , the chairman of our dept. sends us to the Dhaka University Central Library .

 

1.3. Library Information:

The Dhaka University library was initiated in 1921 with 877 students , 60 teachers of 12 departments under 3 faculties viz. Arts , Science and Law . Then the library was housed in the premises of  Dhaka Medical College and later it was transferred in the ground floor of a building situated at the north bank of the pond of Curzon Hall premises . Later , the Library was transferred in the present Central Library Building .

The Dhaka University Library collection is the largest university collection in Bangladesh . It is also the largest library in many respect namely in respect of collection of user population and of library professional as well as non-professional staff ( Begum 2000 : 32 ) . The Dhaka University Library started as a part of the Dhaka University on the 1st of July , 1921 with a collection of  eighteen thousand books received from Dhaka college and erstwhile law college ( Rahim 1981 : 130 ) . By 1924 , the library added 16,000 books at an expenditure of RS. 1,50,000 /- . Annual grant to the library was amounted to RS. 34,000 /-.  In 1947-48 the library collection numbered 93355 printed volumes and 2344 manuscripts . By 1980 , the number of books in the library rose to 450000 and manuscript to 30,000 . Apart from these , the Library built up a collection of 4000 micro-filmed copies of rare manuscripts . A noteworthy feature in the development of the Dhaka University Library is the ‘Scheme for the Collection of Research Materials for M. Phil and Ph. D. Courses .’

The library collection is also enriched with several donations from many important personalities ( Rahman , 1988 : 73 ) . “Special mention may be made of the Zaminder of Baliadi , Dacca , Khan Bahadur Kazimuddin Siddiqui where donations are estimated about 6,756 items of manuscripts alone , in addition to other materials like rare and valuable books” ( D.U. Annual Report , 1928 : 33 : 38 ) .The India Office Library in London provided a rich source for acquisition . Some rare books and documents have also been collected from the India Office Library in micro-filmed form . Rare books and reports , Puthis , Bengali Tracts and private collections of Buchanan on Bengal have been acquired from the British Museum ( Rahim , 1981 : 131-132 ) .

In 2009-2010 , the total number of books and bound volumes of journals were 6,39,133 volumes . In the previous year , the volume of the same was 6,30,299 . It may be mentioned here that in the year under review , the collected number of total journals was 265 titles , amongst which foreign 173 , local 22 & gratis are 70 titles . The collection of this institution is increasing gradually day by day.

The library operates an open access policy for the academic staff and researchers , who can enter the restricted  book stack areas . The students use the reference section , bound periodicals and some other designated services in the closed access style . Also has CAS ( newspaper clippings , display of books , journals etc. ) service which has been specially organized to support the development activities .

 

The Dhaka University Central Library comprises of 3 buildings viz.  Administrative building , Main Library building & Extension building and Science Library building. The present total measurement of the buildings is 1,50,830 sft.

1.4. Library Structure wise Information:

1.4.1. Administrative Building:

(Total Floor Space : 29,724 sft ).

The Administrative building has the administrative offices and several functional sections or divisions , such as : a book acquisition section , a book processing section , a reprographic division , a book binding section , a  manuscripts division , a seminar section . old newspaper section , an account section , a periodical section , resource centre for the visually impaired students and cyber centre are housed in the administrative building . For better administration and efficient functions of the library the above functional divisions is responsible for particular type of work.

 

Map 1: Dhaka University Central Library Location on Google Map.

 

 

 

 

 

1.4.2. Main Library & Extension:

 ( Total Floor Space : 81,106sft  ) :

a)      Ground floor :

 

Image 1: OPAC Search                      Image 2:  Reference section reading room.

In the north-side of the ground floor of the main library building consists of the circulation desk , the reference room , the newspaper reading room, a rare book reading room , the Muktijudho ( war of liberation ) collection cell , the U.N. collections , the American Studies Corner ( Begum , 2000 : 30 ) , the borrowers’ ID card preparation section , the computer division and the work room .There are separate seating arrangements for teachers and researchers here to use books of those departments .

 

b)     First Floor :

 

Image 3 :Book Issue.                                     Image 4: Reading room.

Books and reading materials of the following departments are preserved in this stack area of the first floor . 1.  Sociology , 2.  Political Science , 3. Economics , 4. History , 5. Mas]s Communication & Journalism , 6. Social Welfare , 7. Public Administration , 8. Law , 9. Statistics , 10. Population Sciences , 11. International Relations , 12. Peace and Conflict , 13. Women & Gender Studies , 14. Geography and 15. Biography .Here is a reading room and a issue counter for students of the relevant departments . 300 students can read at a time in the reading room issuing books from the issue counter . Here is also a separate room for female students . Students can also search their requisite books through the computer which is kept in issue counter . There are 9 carrels for teachers in the stack area of this floor . Teachers can get the carrels allotted for 3 months and they can use the carrels for their research purposes . Besides , there are separate chair – tables for 6 teachers near the carrels .There is a reprography unit in the 1st floor .

 

c)      Second Floor :

 

Image 5 : Photocopy Section .                       Image 6: Carrels Section.

In the 2nd floor, similar arrangement is made like that of the 1st floor . The 2nd floor of the library consists of reading rooms and books of different disciplines viz. 1. Information Science & Library 2. Management , 3. Psychology , 4. Islamic Studies , 5. World Religion , 6. Linguistic , 7. Anthropology , 8. Management Studies , 9. Accounting and Information Systems , 10. Marketing , 11. Finance , 12. Banking , 13. Management Information Systems , 14. International Business , 15. Tourism & Hospitality Management , 16. Bengali , 17. English , 18. Sanskrit & Pali , 19. Arabic , 20. Urdu & Persian  , 21. Islamic History & Culture , 22. Fine Arts , 23. Music & Theatre and also the stack area .

 

1.4.3. Science Library:

 

Map 2: Dhaka University Science Library Location on Google Map.

 ( Total Floor Space 40,000 sft ):

The Science Library is part of the main library , it is located in a separate building near the science faculty campus . At the beginning, the Science Library was in the physics block of the Curzon Hall . But later on , the building proved to be very inconvenient and a new building was created . The Science Library shifted to its new building in the early part of the year 1982 .

The Science Library receives books and journals belonging to science and Biological sciences faculties . The Science library , like the main library , receives a considerable number , of gifts which contribute a large part of the book stock . It also stacks books of 21 disciplines , viz. 1. Computer Science , 2. Microbiology , 3. Pharmacy , 4. Biochemistry , 5. Physics , 6. Applied Physics and Electronics , 7. Chemistry , 8. Applied Chemistry & Chemical Technology , 9. Statistics , 10. Applied Statistics , 11. Geography & Environmental Science , 12. Geology , 13. Mathematics , 14. Nutrition and Food Science , 15. Botany , 16. Zoology , 17. Aquaculture & Fisheries , 18. Water & Environment , 19. Psychology , 20. Clinical Psychology and recently established in 21. Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology .

 

Image 7:  Periodicals Unit.                 Image 8: Reference and Thesis Unit.

There are 4 reading rooms in the 1st floor of the Science Building . Here 400 students can read at a time . There is also a reference room in the 1st floor of this building . Teachers , researchers and students can use theses and reference tools here . There are separate seating arrangements for teachers . Issue counter , stack of books and bound volume of journals are also in the  ground floor .

 A complaint box is kept in every floor of the Main Building and Science Building for readers . They can lodge any complaints in the box to redress the grievances . These boxes are opened every week and necessary action taken accordingly . Besides , there is a senior officer in every floor who acts as a floor in-change . Readers can inform him about any sorts of problems for early solution . If he fails , readers can ventilate the same to the librarian for taking necessary action .

 

1.5. Uses of Dhaka University Library:

The library opens at 8.00 a.m. and closes at 9-00 p.m. except Thursday and Friday but on Thursday from 8.00 a.m. to 5.00 p.m. and Friday from 3.00 p.m. to 8.00 p.m.

1.5.1. Rules for Issue:

ü  A teacher can issue only 10 books at a time for a period of one month.

ü  Researchers, officers and employees can issue 3 books , 5 books and 1 book respectively for 3 days .

ü  There is no provision to issue rare books , journals and reference materials to anybody for taking outside the library .

ü  Students can issued from the Seminar section of the Main Library and the Science section of the library . The students usually issue books against their cards and read the same in the reading rooms .

ü  Relevant students of the Main Library and Science Section can issue 1 book and 2 books respectively for their home use against the Library card for a period of 14 days .

ü  Registered graduate can issue 1 book for 1 month against the library card to use at home . At first , he should have a library card paying TK. 25 /- in the Janata Bank , D.U. campus branch .

 

1.5.2. Rules for Fine:

ü  If any borrower fails to deposit the issued book (s) at the stipulated time, he is to pay overdue charges (s) .

ü  The rate of overdue charge from all classes of readers other than a student , a member of the Syndicate or a person who is not a salaried person of the university or who has no Library Caution Money at his credit for overdue books shall be fifty paisa for a week or a part of a week per volume .

ü  The overdue charge so imposed shall be realized from the salary of the defaulter without further reference .If any borrower fails to deposit the issued book during a week or part of a week , the overdue charge shall be 1 TK. for 2nd and 3rd week per book / per volume .  Gradually ,  the rate of overdue charge for overdue books shall be 26.50 paisa for a year per book .  In case of students the overdue charge shall be twenty-five paisa for a week or part of a week per volume . and shall be realized in cash by the Accounts Office under intimation to the Library ( Dhaka University 1997 : 274 ) .

ü  If any book is lost of any cause , 3 rules are followed – Firstly , which book is lost , the same book has to submit in library and of course the latest edition of book has to submit . Secondly , if the same book is not bought of any cause and the copy of book is kept in library , we have to copy the book to submit that in library . Thirdly , if the above two ways are not possible , we have to pay the double price of the same book in library .

 

1.5.3. Rules for Loss of Books:

Loss of books in library is inevitable. It is a social evil and must be eradicated like other anti-social activities in society by contacting the library clientele individually and occasionally collectively and creating a public opinion against this evil ( Mannan , 2003 : 67 ) . Many learned bodies accepted the rate of losses in different ways . Some feel that losses of books per thousand issued books in a year is acceptable , some opine that a book per thousand issued books is acceptable . But, majority believe that 3 books per thousand  issued books is acceptable .

 

1.5.4. Rules for Photocopy:

ü  Teachers , researchers and students can get photocopies of their relevant documents paying @ TK. 0.80 for exposure . They can also get photocopies of microfilm paying TK. 5.00 ( for small size print ) and TK. 10.00 ( for big size print ) .

ü  Photocopies of books are sent to the different departments as per the requisition of departmental heads but no charges are realized from them as the cost of photocopy .

 

1.5.5. New Arrivals:

Newly collected books are kept in a shelf near the teachers counter for display .After a week , those books are sent to the stack area of the library for use of the readers .

 

 

Image 9: Card Catalogue Uses in Dhaka University Library.

 

Image 10: Journal Section Uses in Dhaka University Library.

 

Chapter 2: Objectives, Methodologies and Scope.

2.1 Objectives:

The following objectives of an internship program are given below:

ü  Observe the unique challenges of the research library environment Gain practical experience by working on special projects

ü   Perform professional responsibilities in a tenure-track academic library setting

ü   Develop critical awareness of professionalism in librarianship

ü   Opportunity to work in career related or professional environment

ü   Provide career awareness for the students

ü   Give the students the chance to evaluate, reflect upon and try a career field

ü   Provide valuable experience that helps secure future employment

ü   Can earn money or credit

ü   Provide professional networking contacts

ü   Make classroom learning more interesting

ü   Help the student develop job search skills

ü   Develop self-confidence as they identify skills, abilities and talents

2.1.1        Learning Objectives for Interpersonal Skills:

After I have completed my internship with Dhaka University Library, it is my hope that I will be more confident in myself and the work that I complete for the Library. I have noticed that since the first day on the job I have been very critical of myself and the writing that I do. Even after receiving several comments from my superiors that I have been a great asset already, I still find myself degrading the work I produce. However, through time and experience I hope to become more confident as a professional. Another area of interpersonal skills that I will focus on has to do with the way that I communicate to senior and executive employees at the company. Though colleges as taught me several ways to effectively communicate, there are still the unspoken rules of the library world. I have already begun to notice the ways that superiors at library communicate to the subordinates and vice versa.

 

2.1.2.      Learning Objectives for Specific Job Competencies:

As previously mentioned, one of the primary duties of my position is draft intranet article for the company web site. The experience that I have had creating these has helped me to improve, but not to the degree that I would like. By the end of my internship I would like to gain an understanding of how to write more concisely to help improve my pieces. I will consciously begin to review and delete information not needed. It is my hope to also learn how to be more assertive when I am faced with difficult situations. I have found that I do not fully assert myself during meeting or when I have the chance to pitch an idea. I struggle with feeling that I am being to pushy, when in fact I may not be. Getting to know this balance better will be an important objective for me in the following months.

 

2.1.3.      Learning Objectives for Career Exploration:

Though the current work that I am doing for my career is not what I specifically want to be doing in the future, I understand that I need to gain a bottom-to-top understanding of the workings of a communications department. Much of the work is assisting. I would like to continue to explore the career paths of other professionals in the department and other professionals that we contract to assist us. I enjoy networking with these individuals and will continue to grow and learn with their advice. The communication department at Dhaka University contains a library with various scholarly works that can help me to become a better communicator. As part of this objective, I would like to begin reviewing it and talking to others in the department about their opinions of the works and if they have found them beneficial. Another part of this object would be to review the scholarly works of others who have published in the department.

 

2.1.4.      Learning Objectives for Broadening Horizons:

As part of my internship privileges, I am able to take part in the opportunity to join practical work as Professionals and Mentoring program. The Young Professionals group gathers individuals that are new experience for me. Also, the Mentoring program a young member as me of the library with other senior member. Through training and classes, both individuals provide each other with their experiences and concerns, these programs with certainly help to broaden my horizons. During my time at Internship I will have to chance to work with several non-profit agencies that program helps. I plan to work closely with my superiors and network with the agencies so that I may gain a better understanding of what they do and how they affect profession.

 

2.1.5        Learning Objectives for Learning about Work:

Currently, I have not had as many opportunities as I would like to meet with professionals in library to discuss the hiring process, what I can do to prepare myself and learn about what competitive edges are available to win a prospective employer over during an interview. Though I am not a part of the External Department at Dhaka University, I have been able to speak with its senior director to learn from her about what she has done to gain her position. I will continue to meet others through my internship to gain a better understanding of what I can do to alleviate the pressures the complex hiring process can cause.

 

2.2.      Methodology:

Internship program basically for making bridge between theoretical knowledge and practical uses of theory. This is a very good program to promote a final working experience with the theory in mind. The Internship program was confined to the critical analysis of the intern’s attitudes towards the work and experience of Dhaka University Library. Observation of Arts and Science Library of Dhaka University. This is undertaken with the observation, case study and questionnaire methodology and it is the Dhaka University  library system.

This Internship Program will be undertaken the following method for evaluation of my work and experience of Dhaka University Library.

2.2.1.  Methods:

        i.            Observation, particularly participant observation, has been used in a variety of disciplines as a tool for collecting data about people, processes, and cultures in qualitative research. Information on keeping field notes and writing them up is also discussed, along with some exercises for teaching observation techniques to researchers-in-training.

 

      ii.            Personal Contact: The interns will make personal contact, correspondence, visits with students, teachers, administrative staff etc.

    iii.            Questionnaire: this method is very useful for my required information specifically from the authority. 

2.3.      Scope:

Every internship program has two vital constraints: The Theme and Finance. This ultimately completes a user / researchers to limit the scope of his investigations for making. The study more precise, specific and time bound.

Thus the scope and limitation of the present can be summarized as under:

        i.            The present study aims to consider to extent to in which only the users attitude towards the resources and services in Dhaka University Library of Bangladesh.

      ii.            The present study covers in its survey scope only the Dhaka University library of Bangladesh but don’t consider the College, School and Polytechnic Libraries.

    iii.             The present investigation includes in its survey scope only those Dhaka University Library System functioning within the territorial jurisdictions of Bangladesh but not any other country.

    iv.            I have worked 30 days in Dhaka University Central Library and Science Library for my internship purpose from 10.00 to 4.00 pm with sincerely.  I stayed 7 days for each section.

 

Chapter 3: Activities and Experience

 (Library Section Wise)

3.1. Acquisition Section:

  • The Section prepares all the books that are purchased or deposited or donated by other parties and sending them to the indexing and classification section/ Deposit center if they need technical treatment. The section then recorded them in the system, sealed them and prepares the lists of books that need binding. Then classification number is fixed on the books that do not need binding and send them to the library and put them on the shelves
  • Promoting the Jordanian Authors through purchasing their books under specific conditions and controls
  • Enriching gift and exchange Section through the purchase of books from authors
  • Coordination with other sections in the National Library to identify the necessary and important cultural resources that its purchase can benefit in enriching the public library
  • Select books that need technical treatment and sending them to Indexing and Classification Section
  • Registering books received by the National Library, regardless of their origin and their data entry to the existing systems.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3.2. Activities of Acquisition Section of Dhaka University:

3.2.1. Budgetary Activities:

Budgets usually makes in June to July in a year.Yearly total 1,12,00,000.00 Tk is for the acquisition of library materials. These Tk is then distributed as a certain deviation system as follows:

3.2.1.1. On the ratio of department student:

The library authority send letters to all departments to submit their required materials list. Then the budget for the departments allocated according to the ratio of the total number of students. The dispatch section of the library entries the sending and receiving letter date.

 

Books + Periodicals = 1,12,00,000.00 Tk.  60%  Tk.of the  total budget is allocated for books and 40% Tk  for periodicals.

The budget allocation of fiscal year is shown below by a table.

Books and periodicals

1,12,00,000.00 Taka

Reference Materials + Books and Journal processing +Daily Newspaper Bill +Other

8,00,000.00 Taka

 

(-)

41,50,000.00 Taka

67 Dept. * 50, 000.00 Taka

33,50,000.00 Taka

The rest money of total allocation is allocated among 67 Department on the ration student based

70,50,000.00 Taka

Total

41,50,000.00 Taka

Table 1: Budget Allocation.

3.2.1.2. On the ratio of Salary (Pension):

 

Salary

2008-2009

2009-2010

2010-2011

2010-2011

2011-2012

Salary of Officers

 

 

140.94

143.60

147.50

Salary of Staffs

 

 

52.46

45.62

47.53

Other staffs salary

 

 

75.75

86.01

86.10

House Rent Pension

 

 

90.17

110.03

120.40

Medical Allowance

 

 

14.46

19.25

18.53

Transportation Allowance

 

 

3.11

2.98

2.98

Tiffin Allowance

 

 

3.11

2.98

2.98

Dress Washing Allowance

 

 

1.19

1.22

1.22

Special Pension

 

 

1.23

0.97

0.95

Total

332.45

389.08

382.42

412.66

428.19

                 

 

Table 2: Budget Allocation by salary.

 

3.2.1.3. Other Expenditure of Library:

Other Expenditure of library

2008-2009

2009-2010

2010-2011

2010-2011

2011-2012

Books and Journal purchase

106.98

46.68

100.00

100.00

100.00

Course / Semester book purchase

 

 

10.00

10.00

10.00

Back issues of Journal and Bibliography

 

 

2.00

2.00

2.00

Manuscript Collection and Maintenance

1.46

1.43

1.50

1.50

1.50

Cost of Reprography Section

8.60

5.33

8.00

8.00

8.00

Binding Cost

0.25

1.85

2.00

2.00

2.00

Others Cost (In case of library opening for Friday)

 

 

 

 

 

Extra pension of officer / Staff

11.69

11.38

8.00

8.00

8.00

Online Subscription

24.00

24.00

24.00

24.00

24.00

Library AC and other Electronic Materials

 

 

 

 

 

Maintenance

 

 

3.00

3.00

3.00

Fire Insurance

 

 

1.00

1.00

1.00

Library cyber centre

 

 

1.00

1.00

1.00

Visual Impaired Centre

 

 

1.00

1.00

1.00

Central library computerization

17.81

 

8.00

8.00

8.00

Fuel and Maintenance for Genitors

 

 

 

3.00

5.00

Total

128.98

90.67

169.50

172.50

174.50

 

 

Table 3: Budget Allocation as per expenditure. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3.3.1.      Library Committee (LC):

Total Member of Library Committee are:

  1. Vice Chancellor
  2. Chief Librarian
  3. Junior Librarian
  4. Acquisition Librarian
  5. Journal Librarian
  6. Dean (2)
  7. Teacher (Dept. 2)
  8. J.U. Librarian
  9. BUET Librarian

 

3.3.2        Library Financial Committee (FC):

Total Member of Financial Committee are:

  1. Pro-V.C.
  2. Treasure
  3. Associate Professor (Dept. of Law)
  4. Dean (Business Studies Faculty)
  5. Professor (AIS Dept.)
  6. V.C. (The Peoples University of BD. Dhaka)
  7. Professor (Economic Dept)
  8.  Others 2
  9. Syndicate / Dean Committee:

 

 

 

Fig 1:  Flow Chart of Acquisition activities.
3.4.1.   Acquisition activities:

  1. Invitation  for tender: A general tender is initiated for purchase of materials.
  2. Advertisement: Library authority gives notice in both Bangla and English Newspaper. The English Newspaper is ‘Daily Star’ and Bangla Newspaper is ‘Amader Somoy’. In tender, there is no selling schedule for books but it is sold schedule only for Journal.
  3. Tender Process: There are for category in tender process.
  • Publishing Date
  • Selling Date
  • Closing Date
  • Opening Date
  1. Supplier Participation in Tender Process: They submit the tender letter in tender box. The tender suppliers are specially international supplier.
  2. Tender Committee: Member are:
  • Dean (2)
  • Syndicate Member (2)
  • Specialist / Expert (2)
  • Chairman of ISLM Dept.
  • Professor (2)

They open invitation paper in a Meeting.

  1. Comparative Analysis: The authority sees the opportunities among the participating suppliers irrespective of the supplier presence. After comparative statement the information represents for next meeting to get decision final. Then this proposal comes to the financial Committee and they recall a syndicate meeting.
  2. Work Order : According to the library budget, the authority provides the work order with them who gives the highest discount. The authority collects total materials through Letter of Credit (LC) and Cash Against Delivery (CAD).
  3. Stamp Agreement : The library authority deals with a written agreement through stamp with the highest discount supplier to get ordered materials.
  4. List of Documents: Books and Journals list are given to the provider.
  5. Invoice Order: With books the foreign supplier sends the invoice through courier service to the library authority.
  6. Receiving Work of Airport: Firstly the materials come to the customs house in Airport. Then the agent of different university comes to the Airport to receive the books. They pay the bill through the Sonali Bank of Ramna Corporate Branch.
  7. Copy Checking: After getting the documents the authority checks the total copy with the authority invoice (as Author and Title). If authority sees any missing then the participating suppliers will give free replacement.
  8. Accessioning: An accession number is a sequential number given to each new book, magazine subscription, or recording as it is entered in the catalog of a library. If an item is removed from the collection, its number is usually not reused for new items.

 

Accession No.

 Author 

Title 

Place

Publisher

Year

Size

Pages

Binding

Cost / Price / Gift

Sources

Volume

Remark (Dept. wise)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table 4: Accessioning Sample fields.

  1. Barcode: After completing the accession, this section provides Barcode number.

3.4.2. Experience:

v  Making of a Budget.

v  Allocation of  Budget among different Entities.

v  Selection of Materials

v  Processing Tender.

v  Making FC and LC.

v  Dealing with supplier.

v  Giving accession Register and Barcode No. etc.

3.5.Processing Section:

Processing section is an another important section of the library. It has two types of function as

a)      Cataloguing and

b)      Classification.

3.5.1.      Catalogue:

Generally catalogue is a systemic list of library materials. It is a record or list of books, periodicals, journals, pamphlets, monographs, audio visual aids and other materials of a particular library, or a group of libraries or a private collection containing specified items of bibliographical information, viz. author, title, edition, imprint, citation, etc.  in automated, microfiche, card or printed form arranged in classified or alphabetical order according to any standard catalogue code or rules, i.e. AACR, ALA, LC etc.

 

3.5.2.      Cataloguing:

Mainly cataloguing is the process of a catalogue.

 

3.5.3.      Types of Catalogue:

a)      Author Catalogue:

It is a type of catalogue in which all the author entries are arranged separately in a different catalogue in alphabetic sequence. It brings all the books of an author together.

 

b)     Title Catalogue:

In this type only the title entries are filed alphabetically in separate catalogue.

 

c)      Dictionary Catalogue:

In this type in the one unit system, all the author, title, subject, series, editor, compiler and translator entries are arranged in an alphabetic sequence.

 

 

d)     Classified or Systematic Catalogue:

 It is a type of subject catalogue arranged according to classification number of any scheme. It brings together all the entries of a subject and its related fields.

 

3.5.3.2. Shelf list or Official Catalogue:

It is an official catalogue arranged in classified order and used only for official purpose. In this only one entry is made for one title, with tracing without cross reference and added entries.

3.5.3.2. Union Catalogue:

It combines the entries of holdings of more than one library in dictating location. Its collections are mainly for research work.

3.5.4.      Rules for Cataloguing:

Mainly we follow the Anglo American Cataloguing Rules(AACR-2). There are three basic principles of AACR-2.

3.5.4.1.  Rules of sources of information:

a)      Organization description:

It includes 8 points. These are:

  • Title and statement area;
  • Edition area;
  • Materials;
  • Imprint / Publication;
  • Physical description;
  • Series;
  • Notes;
  • Standard subdivision number.

 

b)     Punctuation:

Cataloguing Tools: Three types:

  1. AACR-2
  2. Handbook
  3. Bilingual Dictionary / Biographical Dictionary.

c)      Types of Title:

There are four types of title. Such as

  1. Proper title.
  2. Sub-title.
  3. Alternative title.
  4. Parallel title.

a)       Main title / Proper title:

It will be self-explanatory if it is textbook, introduced with phrase like “An introduction to”, “Essentials of”, “A text book of”, etc.

b)     Sub-title:

It is called an-explanatory title or a secondary title that amplifies or states limitation of the main title, e.g. Communication: an introduction to the history of writing, printing, books and libraries, / by Elmen D. Johnson.

c)       Alternative title:

It is a form of sub-title introduced by “or”, viz. Modern mnemotechny, or, How to acquire a good memory, comprising the principles of the art and its application to world’s important facts / by Asa Shinn Body.

d)     Parallel title:

In which title, the theme is same but dialect is different, called parallel title.

3.5.4.2.  Rules for cataloguing entry:

The rules for cataloguing entry are given below:

  • Size of the catalogue card (5” * 3”);
  • Surname ; (The last part of the name / family name)
  • For name ; (Without surname the rest part of the name is for name)
  • Indention;
  • Tracing; (It is indication on the main card of all added entries and reference. This is done on the back of the card. Tracing, is especially in dictionary catalogue.)

 

3.5.4.3. Types of Entries:

There are three types of catalogue entries, such as;

a)      Main entries : It also includes two types

  • Main entry under author;
  • Main entry under  title;

b)     Added entries: Without main entries, other parts of the entries are called added entries.

c)      Reference entries:

3.5.4.4. Color for using Catalogue Card:

There are several colors are used for catalogue card, such as follows:

  • White cards are used in arts and commerce faculty;
  • Blue cards are used only in science faculty;
  • Pink color cards are used in reference section.

3.5.4.5. Activities of cataloguing:

The major functions of a library cataloguing system are:

  • To record each work in an information institution by author, editor, compiler, translator and series or by corporate body as author in case of impersonal authorship under which a reader is likely to search for book.
  • To arrange author entries in such a way that a reader finds all the works of an author together in a dictionary catalogue.
  • To record each work in an information intuitions under the subject.
  • To explain a book to the reader by providing a description of each book mentioning major bibliographical information, i.e. author, title, imprint, collation, series, bibliography, notes, ISBN and index.
  • To work as book selection tool for other comparatively new or smaller library
  • To help the research works and readers know what materials are available on a given subject in the libraries.
  • To record titles of work if it is:

a)      Written by more than three authors.

b)      A complied work including encyclopedias and dictionaries.

c)      A fiction or a popular work.

3.6.Classification:

The library classification is a process of putting books and other reading materials on a subject in logical sequence on the shelves which could be helpful to the users. The classification is one of the most important steps in the organization of libraries and has been rightly called the foundation of librarianship.

 

3.6.1.      Types of Classification:

a)                  Bills Bibliographical Classification (BBC)

b)                  Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC)

c)                  Library of Congress (LC)

d)                 Colon Classification (CC)

e)                  Universal Decimal Classification (UDC)

3.6.2.      Processing of Classification:

The processing of classification rules are given below:

  1. First summary – 10 Main division.
  2. Second summary – 100 division.
  3. Third summary – 1000 division.
  4. Standard subdivision

3.6.3.      Rules for adding standard subdivision:

There are many rules for adding standard subdivision. The major of these are mention below:

  • Biography an particular subject, ex. Biography of political thinker leader.
  • Does not give S.S number on brood area for biography.
  • Does not give biography number on literature.
  • Dictionary will be added for less known language etc.

 

 

 

3.6.4.      Work of processing section:

  1. Manual Card: By 5’*3’ card where bibliographical information of a document / book is given.
  2. Copy checking: Call no. , Shelf List, Computer.
  3. Computer input: To give the data entry into computer. There are 8 options. These are:

a)      Author;

b)      Title;

c)      Imprint (place + publisher + year)

d)     Subject;

e)      Accession no.;

f)       Physical description;

g)      Summary;

h)      Notes;

  1. Editing: the data entry operation sees the problems if he / she misuse any information during entry.
  2. Book Card: It includes (Author + Title + Call no. + Accession no. + Volume no. + Copy no. + Publication year).
  3. Labeling : It includes Call no. Where this is given as the cover page or splni of the book.

 

3.6.5.      Rules for making catalogue card in aspect of different books:

  1. 1.  For general book:

a)      For single, double and triple author, the author entry will be as main entry.

b)      Then title will start from 2nd indention.

c)      If edition in a book, it will come after title.

d)     Then imprint and bibliographical information will be added in the main catalogue card.

e)      After making main catalogue card than the tracing card will be constructed. It includes:

  • Subject heading;
  • Author name of more than single and double.
  • Series;
  • Title.

 

  1. 2.      For religious book :

a)      To make uniform title.

b)      The title of the book will start for 2nd indention.

c)      Language has to refer.

d)     Other are same for general card rules.

 

  1. 3.             Bilingual Dictionary:

a)      Title as main entry

b)      Others are same with the general card.

 

  1. 4.            For Journal:

a)      Subject as main entry;

b)      Volume no., Year (month),

c)      Other are same to the general catalogue

d)     Two types of catalogue (Open and Close catalogue)

 

  1. 5.            For Atlas / Maps:

These are called as cartography.

a)      Entry for quarterly.

b)      If title and subtitle is not understandable than note area must be referred.

 

 

Experiences:

v  Building call number;

v  Making catalogue card for different types of book;

v  Editing data entry by Computer in web interface;

v  Making a book card;

v  Making  of manual catalogue;

v  Copy Checking manual and automated;

v  Subject heading determination;

 

3.7.Circulation Section:

It is one of important section in a library. The circulation section is involved in the activities such as charging of books, overdue collection, maintaining statistics and enrolling new numbers to the library. In other words, here the books are circulated to the readers.

 

Image 11: Circulation Section.

3.7.1.      Criteria for book transaction:

  • Ten books are supplied for a teacher at a time for one month.
  • For M-Phil and PhD hosters, three books are supplied at a time.
  • For 1st class officers, five books are supplied at a time for one month.
  • For register graduate and other staffs, only one book is supplied at a time for one month.
  • For science faculty student’s three books are supplied at a time for fourteen days.
  • For others faculty student’s only one book is supplied at a time for fourteen days from the seminar section.
  • A students can apply for book transaction in four places, such: 1. Hall library,   2.Department Seminar, 3. Library and 4. Library Seminar. 

 

 

3.7.2.      Fine system:

ü  If the user fails to return the book within a fixed time then he has to pay fine. 00.50 taka for 1st week, 1.00 taka for 2nd and 3rd week.

ü  26.00 taka for 1 year fine.

ü  If the book is lost from the user, then he / she have to buy the latest edition of that book.  Otherwise if he / she fail to pick the latest edition then he has to apply to the chief librarian. He might be given photocopy or paid fine.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3.7.3.      Activities:

 

Fig 1:  Flow Chart of circulation activities.

3.7.4.      Procedure for book transaction:

  1. 1.      Book Card :

(Author + Title + Call no. + Accession no. + Volume no. + year of publication etc.)

 

 

 

 

 

  1. 2.      Index Card:

It includes:

  • Call no;
  • Return date;
  • Issue date;
  • Due date;
  • Remark;
  1. 3.       Borrowers Card:

It keeps for the user and issued by the reference section. It includes;

  • Call number;
  • Return date;
  • Receiving date;

There are is a reminder letter with this three card. The reminder letter will be sent if  he / she fails to return the books on time. The book is high demand if then the reminder letter will be sent as early as possible. This letter sends to the Hall / Department of the user. The user faces the gate pass when he / she cross the library boundary.

 Experience:

v  Making book card, index card, borrower’s card.

v  Issuing book.

v  Receive Issues

v  Fine paying system.

v  Use of Current Awareness Service

v  Displaying New arrivals

 

3.8.Reference Section:

It refers to the provision and organization of the reference work by a library. It is the personalized assistance rendered by the library staff to the users in finding an information in connection with their study and research. It is rendered directly and personally and it is also known as “information service” in modern context.

 

Image 12: Reference Section.

3.8.1.      Types of reference service:

There are two types of reference services, viz. 1. Ready reference service and 2. Long range reference service.

  1. The Ready Reference Service is done by supplying annual reports, encyclopedias directories etc.
  2. The Long Rang Service is done by getting information from other libraries. It involves certain amount of time. It also includes the referral service.

 

 

 

 

3.8.2.      Activities of reference service:

The function or activities of reference are given below:

  • To decorate card cabinet for informing where the user is required document / information.
  • The reference librarian serves different books based on different subject.

3.8.3.      The ways ready references are given below:

  1. Dictionaries;
  2. Encyclopedia;
  3. Directories;
  4. Year books;
  5. Handbooks;
  6. Biographical sources;
  7. Bibliographies;
  8. Globes;
  9. Manuals;
  10. Maps;
  11. Atlases;
  12. Glossary;

3.8.4.      The ways long range reference service are given below:

The long range reference service normally takes longer time. This is mainly due to the following three influencing factors:

  1. Time involved;
  2. Sources of information;
  3. The nature of information sough;

In long range reference service, if the librarian is unable to provide the required information than he / she says to the user, “I have no information but I know who knows it.”

 

Experiences:

v  Decorating catalogue card cabinet;

v  Serving ready reference service;

v  Serving long range reference service;

v  Doing referral service

v  Interaction with users practically.

3.8.5.      Others Section: Administrative Section:

Every Institution has an administrative section. It plays a vital role for planning and developing for any library. It manages the organizational total activities.

3.8.6.      Account Section:

This section officer operates overall financial activities. He / She observe overall budget.

3.8.7.      Rare book section:

The rare book section is very important for any library. If anybody wants to access the rare book section he / she have to take permission from the authority. It collection may be based on books. Basically, these books are historical categories. From the very beginning of the library establishment, these materials are being collected. These collection are also related to libration war based books, papers M-Phil-thesis collection.

In this section, rare books are totally purchased. Moreover, there are United Nation based collections are available in this section. The users of rare section are researchers, M-Phil degree holders.

3.8.8.      Activities:

  • The authority of rare book section collets historical books and documents.
  • It also collects liberation war related documents.
  • It provides vital required information for the researchers M-Phil and PhD student.

 

Experiences:

We know the following thing,

v  To know the historical documents;

v  To know the liberation war related documents;

v  How to collect and preserve the documents;

v  How to use the rare materials;

v  How to serve the users in rare book section;

3.8.9.      Journal Section:

This section firstly notices to each Department for purchasing journal. Then the department informs the required quality. According to demand the quality calls a tender. As discount the tender participators are being selected. Then the committee evaluates them. Half yearly journals keep as box through binding. The catalogue of journals is being made as title entry. Journals are used before binding. Only photocopy allows for user in this section.

3.8.10.  Online Journal: 

Firstly, A consortium is constituted for online journal subscription, Bangladesh Academia of Science (BAS) makes consortium with International Network for the Availability of Scientific Publication (INASP) and Program for the Enhancement Research Information (PERI). The library authority also contract with them for subscription. Almost each department purchases and uses online journal.

There are total 46 publishers for online journal (about 20,000 journals) where teachers, students, researchers and other officers can free download. This section sent the notice about online journal to each department chairman, director of institution and other office chief. The authority collects weekly, fortnightly, monthly, ½ yearly, and yearly. It is also be collected by gift or donation.

Journal Access Webpage:

http://www.du.ac.bd/journals/index.html

 

Image 13 : Online Journals page.

 

 

 

Experiences:

v  To make a consortium;

v  Purchase online journal;

v  Using manual and online journal;

v  Making an agreement with journal  etc.

3.8.11.  Old Newspaper Section:

This section collects and preserves old newspapers. This section has newspapers which were published in 1868 and onwards. All the newspapers published from 1955 till date are preserved in both binding and microfilm formats. This section has all the issues of Daily Azad which is the first daily newspaper of Bangladesh and some other major dailies of present time.

 

Image 14: Old newspapers Section.

3.8.12.  Manuscript Section:

This section is very essential part of any library. The description of manuscript is shown below:

 

Collection:

  • Documents are here from 1300 to 1846 centuries;
  • Only one document is here from 569 centuries;
  • Total 30,000 manuscripts are there
  • In Sanskrit, Arabic, Urdu, Hindi, Assumes, Maithili, Debongoya, Bengali, Burmese, French languages these materials are preserved.
  • These documents are preserved banana leaf, palm leaf, bark of trees, puthis etc.
  • Tontro, Montro, Sanskrit, Mahabharata, Astrology, Physiology instrument.
  • Puthis (Dewan Hafiz, Kalapatha, Monosa-mongal, Paddopuran, Documents and letters, Sarda Tilok, Laili-mojnu, Baghvota, Shri Krishsno krittion, Bangla Poddaboke, Yusuf-Zolekha etc.)
  • 1,200 puthis are here from 1925 centuries.
  • Each February month of a year makes a seminar on their collection.
  • It keeps in an almine through rapping with recessing paper or cloths.
  • Collection from M.C. Collage (Sylhet), Shrihotto Sanskrit Collage, Abdul karim (Sahitto Bisharod), Dr. Ahmed Sarif and Hakim habbib-ur Rahman)

 

Image 15: Preservation.

 

Activities:

  • Serves as a CD for user;
  • Keeps as an index;
  • Preserves in an Almeria;
  • Ancient manuscripts are preserved in this section etc.

Experiences:

v  To know about the valuable ancient manuscripts;

v  Know to preserve the ancient documents;

 

3.8.13.  Reprography Section:

Basically, rare books or materials are preserved here by microfilm or microfiche system. There are two ways of reproduction system. These are:

  1. 1.      Microfilm:

It is a form in which entries are greatly reduce and printed upon film. A projector which magnifies the film on to a screen is required.

 

  1. 2.      Microfiche:

It is a transparent card type format that kept an envelope. It requires a ‘reader’ to read the microfiche. Each microfiche can hold approximately 4320 entries.

  1. Photocopy:

Another part of reprography section is photocopy service. The total number of effective photocopiers was nine for producing photocopy service. Various services ware extended to teachers, researchers and students from this section. They can get photocopy from here by paying minimum charge.

 

 

Image 16: Reprographic Tools & technologies.

Measurement of microfilm and microfiche:

Microfilm, length is 100 feet and its wide 35 millimeter. It has also 800-1200exposer. It may also be kept in negative form.

Microfiche are kept in the size of 5” * 3” card form. It collects from India. At present the materials are kept in a digital format through digital camera into computer.

Activities:

  • All rare documents are preserved as card form through microfilm and microfiche.
  • It provides a “negative form” for users.
  • It provides photocopy service of documents for users.

 

Experiences:

v  How to maintain microfilm and microfiche.

v  How to use chemicals for preserving documents through microfilm and microfiche.

3.8.14.  Automation Section:

In the age of information explosion, libraries and information resource centers have become multimedia centers due to adoption of new technological devices and changing nature of their information storage, retrieval and services. During the last 25 years, the computer and telecommunication technologies began to build up an information society, which has crossed the geographical limitations and has provided facilities to access into global information systems. As a result, nature of modern librarianship has changed considerably with the advent of new technologies. In fact, ‘automation’ is an indispensable part of modern library’s information systems development, organization, management and services. In the present ‘age of information’, automation has been making tremendous impact on different sectors of the libraries and information centers. In view of complex and multi-faceted user requirements, this results in numerous specialization and flow of non-stop information, decreasing comprehensive acquisition of documents for libraries, growing demands of information, increasing number of users, etc. Automation has been playing a vital role in improving the capabilities of libraries/information centers towards attaining satisfaction of their users.

 

Image 17: Library Automation Section.

3.8.15.  Library Automation:

Mechanization of library housekeeping operations, predominantly by computerization, is known as library automation. Library automation is the most sophisticated electronic device invented by human being for processing enormous amount of raw data into meaningful and useful form of information with speed, accuracy and reliability. Library automation may be defined as the application of automatic and semi-automatic data processing machines (computers) to perform traditional library housekeeping activities such as acquisition, circulation, cataloguing and reference and serial control (Int. Lib. Rev., 1989). Finally, library automation is the process of performing all information operations/ activities in library with the help of computers and related information technologies.

 

Image 18: OPACInterface.

3.8.16.  Automation of Dhaka University Library:

Dhaka University Library is created its own Library Automation Software which is known as DULA without the help of outsider programmers. Previously GLAS software was purchased but due to the limitation problem of GLAS new system comes to the light. New software has the following features:

  • Web based interface
  • Web based data entry
  • Anywhere access
  • OPAC
  • Anywhere data edit
  • Automated circulation system
  • No limit on data entry
  • Easy navigation
  • Light weight and super light programming
  • Flexible Interface

 

3.8.16.1.        Functions of Automation System:

  • Automated acquisition system module
  • Automated circulation system module
  • Processing of cataloguing
  • Customized MARK21 Format standard data entry
  • Automated fine generation and notification

  

Image 19: Circulation Module.

 

 

3.8.16.2.        Online Access and Internet Browsing (OPAC):

The Internet browsing facilities are provided by DULAP for users. One can also browse the Dhaka University Library catalogue from the following address:

http://library.univdhaka.edu

3.8.16.3.        Automation Software:

The Dhaka University Library has purchased the proven software for automation project from an American Software Company. The name of the software is GLAS (Graphical Library Automation System). The library software has also been equipped with a network server and a number of PCs distributed in a local area network (LAN) within the different sectors of the library and faculty buildings of the university. Several versions of GLAS are now available in the market and Dhaka University Library has used GLAS – 4.0 versions. GLAS – 4.5 versions, the latest one is now also in the market, but the Dhaka University authority has not updated their system yet. The branch office of the company is in Singapore and they are committed to solve any kind of problems which may arise. The company also updates the software every year and supplies it to the Dhaka University Library against payment. Actually the price of the software is TK. 4 (Four) millions. The storage capacity of the software is half a million of records.

 

3.8.16.4.        Activities and Functions:

Since the inception of the automation program, the DULAP has performed the following functions and activities by the target dates:

  1. Procurement of requisite hardware for the purpose of installing Dhaka University Library  Automation Project;
  2. Procurement of internationally recognized library base software;
  3. Establishing a Local Area Network (LAN) among the different sections of the Main Library and the Science Library;
  4. Providing CD-ROM reading facilities for users;
  5. Creation of databases with Catalogue entries of books with 1980 plus imprint data.
  • Catalogue inputs of recommended readings (as supplied by the departments).
  • Catalogue entries of books with ISBN (irrespective of publication dates).
  • Catalogue entries of Rare Books.
  1.  Making the database available at various points throughout the two libraries; and;
  2. Offering full Internet facilities by;
    1. Developing Dhaka university web page.

3.8.16.5.        Facilities Offering for Users:

The Dhaka University Library has been offering some service facilities for their users through DULAP. But at the present time, the users are being facilitated in some limited extent. Following are the facilities:

  1. Facilities for catalogue browsing from the OPAC (Online Public Access Catalogue) by author, joint author, editor, publisher, subject, corporate names, series, accession number, ISBN, date and so on;
  2. Providing facilities for browsing catalogues of the above mentioned information from any PC in any part of the world if it has the network connection with Internet;
  3. Preparing Dhaka University Library for offering CD-ROM reading facilities, as the trend now is to publish electronically in Digitized formats;
  4. Becoming ready for disseminating information about Dhaka University Library’s special collections worldwide;
  5. Becoming ready for storage and retrieval of rare manuscripts in digitized formats;
  6. Issuing one single identity and borrower’s card in digitized format for students, researchers, faculty members and staff; and
  7. Opening up new horizon for information exchange among the academic and special libraries nationally and internationally.

 

 

 

 

3.8.17.  Binding Section:

When any book is unable (Physically destroyed) to use for the user then it is repaired by which section is called binding section.

Activities:

  1. Entry will be constructed by title;
  2. Accession number is given on entry in a definite time;
  3. There are so many instruments are used for preserving the library documents such as ;
  • Pasting;
  • Aica;
  • Paper bag;
  • Recessing (lather);
  • Cutting machine.

In the running year, the below activities have been done from binding section:

  1. Old book binding                     : 7215 Vols.
  2. Journal binding                         : 2164 Vols.
  3. New and Old paper binding      : 2994
  4. Xerox book binding                  : 153
  5. Khata and pad binding              : 270
  6. Preparation of library Card       : 29,000

Experiences:

v  Repairing old materials;

v  Cutting paper into cutting machine;

v  How to entry accession number and title;

v  Learn to preserve old materials;

v  Learn to convert old materials into new materials etc.

 

 

3.8.18.  Cyber Centre:

There is a cyber centre in Dhaka University Library. There are two servers and 25 computers in this section. In 1998, the authority started automation work with the help of UNDP and UGC with the GLASS software and its related equipments. Due to the limitation of GLASS software databases, in 2008 a new library software work started with the help of ‘Centre for Excellent’ By Wide Area Network (WAN) and Local Area Network (LAN). User can access to documents by this cyber centre from anywhere of the world.

Activities:

Teachers, students and researchers can access to world wide web (www) and get their required documents and information by using cyber centre. User can access in their knowledge domain by using computer. 

Experiences:

v  How to manage the rules of using cyber center.

v  How to introduce library software.

v  How to help the researchers, M-Phil students and general students etc.

 

3.8.19.  Visual Impaired Student Resource Centre:

A resource centre for the Visually Impaired Students has been established in the Dhaka University Central Library under the joint collaboration of the University of Dhaka and an international organization called Sight-savers. The centre contains modern library facilities for visually impaired students of the university.

Activities:

Brail system is mainly used for sight-savers. They create a written book for sight-savers by using specialized machine. The authority helps to dictate the sight-servers by a eye sighted person.

 

Experiences:

v  Learn to brail system;

v  Serving the dictation for sight-servers;

v  How to make a brail system book;

v  How to suggest the sight-servers etc.

 

3.8.20.  Science Library:

The library has now 6, 21,058 volume of books and bound journals. Moreover, it has over 30,000 rare and old manuscripts, numerous microfilms and microfiches. The collection of this institution is increasing gradually day by day. 3,188 books were received as donation and 187 titles of journals are added 2007-2008 alone. An amount of Tk. 99.00 lakh was allocated in the budget for procurement of books and journals in that academic year. The budget is obtained every year from the government of Bangladesh through the UGC. Nevertheless, it may be pointed out here that necessary books and journals cannot be procured as per the requirements of the various departments due to the paucity of funds.

Experiences:

v  Learn to entry bibliographical information in a register book;

v  How to shelve thesis report;

v  How to copy check of thesis report;

 

 

 

 

 

 

Chapter 4: Problems and recommendations

4.1.Problems:

I faced so many problems during my internship program in every section that are discussed below:

  Acquisition Section:

  • Lack of budget;
  • Lack of space;
  • Lake of skill manpower;
  • Lack of technical instrument;
  • Lack of cordiality and co-operation;
  • Problems in using effective barcode technology.

  Processing Section:

  • Lack of adequate space;
  • Lack of computer;
  • Lack of skill manpower;
  • Problem of net connection;
  • Problem of printing supply;
  • Software problem during data entry;

  Circulation Section:

  • Lack of enough space;
  • Lack of good co-operation with the user and researcher;
  • Cannot supply the digital barrowers ID Card on time;
  • Infrastructure and administrative problem.

  Reference Section:

  • Lack of cordial mind;
  • Lack of resources (Encyclopedia, Directories and Other materials)
  • Lack of skill manpower;
  • Lack of presentation;
  • Lack of infrastructural facilities;
  • There are no enough computers for reference section.

  Problems of other sections:

  • Lack of knowledge and awareness of professionals and users group toward automation.
  • Lake of skill and adequate manpower to handle computerized operations.
  • Lack of interest of DU students about library automation.
  • Lack of up to date and up gradable PCs for automation purposes.
  • Lack of sufficient computers also.
  • Lack of software packages.
  • Browsers ID card preparation is slow dated.
  • Preservation systems are not well for rare book section.
  • Researchers and scholars do not get proper co-operation.
  • Lack of adequate space in manuscript section.
  • There are huge problems in photocopy service of reprography section.
  • Microfilm and microfiche reading facilities are not given to users and researchers as per their requirements.
  • There are no enough computers in cyber center.
  • Brail system is not available for sight servers.
  • Users can not read easily in journal section.

 


4.2.Recommendation:

Recommendations or action plans to help overcome the barriers to library operations are given below:

1.         To extend the training staffs in various sector.

2.         To provide financial support those adolescents who are unable to continue their study.

3.         To strengthen the monitoring and evaluation system.

4.         To continue the programmers regularly.

5.         To publish annual report regularly

6.         To appoint skill staff for libraries.

7.         To create post for information scientists.

8.         To ensure funding of libraries.

9.         To ensure active involvement of the apprentice information scientist with entire system of libraries so that they contribute more for the effectiveness of libraries.

10.       To conduct some research and investigative works to find out more effective way for developing the programmers of libraries.

11.       To arrange staff development or training program of the better efficiency of the staff.

12.       Savings Credit Group (SCG) should be increased to ensure the constant funding to libraries.

13.       To provide more funding for ageing welfare.

14.       Well-trained and skilled personnel are essential ingredients for operating the library effectively. Steps should be taken to develop properly trained and competent people for this purpose.

15.       Library needs funds to initiate the implementation of ICT. The government of Bangladesh cans a play vital role by allotting sufficient funds for purchasing and maintaining ICT and other ingredients in library.

16.       The government of Bangladesh should make library and information services a part of national development initiatives, efforts, and plans.

17.       More physical structural facilities must be included.

18.       New buildings should be constructed as the existing ones cannot afford to accommodate the large number of students for reading and disturbance free research work.

19.       Libraries need strong support from their parent organizations and the government. 

20.       Networking is one of the most effective ways of serving users' needs comprehensively. Networked access to databases would help get newly-published information to library users.

21.       Professional organizations such as the Library Association of Bangladesh (LAB) and library administrators should organize more short-term training programs for library professionals in computer applications in library and information services, online information retrieval, data processing, electronic publishing, and also software such as Microsoft Office, CDS/ISIS, etc.

22.       A comprehensive collection development policy for e-resources should be maintained by the library in the study, in order to follow a set of standard practices for acquisition and management of electronic information resources. There should be specific budget for new resources and the renewal of existing resources.

 

 

 

 

Conclusion:

Internship is an integral part of the information science education. It is considered a primary means of providing student opportunity to acquire practical knowledge value and skills. Practical training enable make the students to bring about changes in different circumstances, make them capable with the elements that influence the administrative process, decision making for any successful plan. Application of theoretical knowledge highly depends on internship practice. Theoretical knowledge of information science becomes fruitful when it is implemented in practical field. . This knowledge will help them in becoming a professional information scientist. By applying this professional knowledge we will be able to accelerate our traditional library education and it will be possible to assure that “Information is for all.”